//! Pure on-chain BTC/USD price oracle.
//!
//! Detects round-dollar transaction patterns ($1, $5, $10, ... $10,000) in Bitcoin
//! block outputs to derive the current price without any exchange data.
//!
//! Behavior changes by height along two independent axes, each in its own module:
//!
//! - EMA regime (`config`): below [`START_HEIGHT_SLOW`] prices come from the baked
//!   [`PRICES`]. From there to [`START_HEIGHT_FAST`] a slow cold-start EMA runs with
//!   a shape-anchoring restoring force. At [`START_HEIGHT_FAST`] it switches to a
//!   fast EMA that tracks mature-market volatility.
//! - Output filter (`filter`): below [`MAX_OUTPUTS_UNTIL_HEIGHT`] batch-payout
//!   transactions are dropped from the histogram. Above it the cap is lifted.
//!
//! The two boundaries differ on purpose. The EMA must hand off to fast before the
//! 2020 crash, while the output cap helps the thin pre-2020 mix for longer.

use brk_types::{Cents, Dollars};

mod config;
mod filter;
mod scale;
mod shape;
mod stencil;
mod window;

pub use config::{Config, START_HEIGHT_FAST, START_HEIGHT_SLOW};
pub use filter::{MAX_OUTPUTS, MAX_OUTPUTS_UNTIL_HEIGHT, eligible_bin, for_each_round_dollar_bin};
pub use scale::{
    BINS_PER_DECADE, HistogramEma, HistogramEmaCompact, HistogramRaw, NUM_BINS, bin_to_cents,
    cents_to_bin, sats_to_bin,
};

use shape::ShapeAnchor;
use stencil::find_best_bin;
use window::EmaWindow;

/// Oracle algorithm version. Bump on any change that alters computed prices
/// so downstream consumers can invalidate cached results.
pub const VERSION: u32 = 3;

/// Pre-oracle dollar prices, one per line, heights 0..340_000. The last entry
/// seeds the oracle's first on-chain computation at [`START_HEIGHT_SLOW`].
pub const PRICES: &str = include_str!("prices.txt");

#[derive(Clone)]
pub struct Oracle {
    window: EmaWindow,
    ref_bin: f64,
    config: Config,
    warmup: bool,
    /// Shape-anchoring restoring force, inert outside the slow cold-start
    /// regime (zero weight). See [`ShapeAnchor`](shape::ShapeAnchor).
    shape: ShapeAnchor,
}

impl Oracle {
    pub fn new(start_bin: f64, config: Config) -> Self {
        Self {
            window: EmaWindow::new(config.window_size, config.alpha),
            ref_bin: start_bin,
            warmup: false,
            shape: ShapeAnchor::new(config.shape_weight),
            config,
        }
    }

    /// Create an oracle restored from a known price. `fill` should call
    /// `process_histogram` for the warmup blocks. During warmup the ring
    /// fills without recomputing EMA or searching, then we recompute once
    /// at the end so the first non-warmup call has a primed EMA.
    pub fn from_checkpoint(ref_bin: f64, config: Config, fill: impl FnOnce(&mut Self)) -> Self {
        let mut oracle = Self::new(ref_bin, config);
        oracle.warmup = true;
        fill(&mut oracle);
        oracle.warmup = false;
        oracle.window.recompute();
        oracle
    }

    pub fn process_histogram(&mut self, hist: &HistogramRaw) -> f64 {
        self.window.push(hist);

        if !self.warmup {
            self.window.recompute();

            self.ref_bin = find_best_bin(
                self.window.ema(),
                self.ref_bin,
                self.config.search_below,
                self.config.search_above,
                &self.shape,
            );
            self.shape.update(self.window.ema(), self.ref_bin.round() as i64);
        }
        self.ref_bin
    }

    /// Switch EMA regime mid-stream (slow -> fast at [`START_HEIGHT_FAST`]) by
    /// re-warming under `config` over the most recent `config.window_size` raw
    /// histograms, so a continuous build and an incremental warm-up reach the
    /// same state. `ref_bin` carries over.
    pub fn reconfigure(&mut self, config: Config) {
        let kept = self.window.recent(config.window_size);
        *self = Self::from_checkpoint(self.ref_bin, config, |o| {
            kept.iter().for_each(|h| {
                o.process_histogram(h);
            });
        });
    }

    pub fn ref_bin(&self) -> f64 {
        self.ref_bin
    }

    /// The current weighted EMA over the window, one value per log-scale bin.
    /// `ema()[i]` is bin `i` (see `sats_to_bin`).
    pub fn ema(&self) -> &HistogramEma {
        self.window.ema()
    }

    pub fn price_cents(&self) -> Cents {
        bin_to_cents(self.ref_bin).into()
    }

    pub fn price_dollars(&self) -> Dollars {
        self.price_cents().into()
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;

    #[test]
    fn oracle_basic() {
        let oracle = Oracle::new(1600.0, Config::default());
        assert_eq!(oracle.ref_bin(), 1600.0);
        assert_eq!(oracle.price_cents(), bin_to_cents(1600.0).into());
    }

    // reconfigure must leave the oracle in the same state as a fresh warm-up
    // over the most recent window of raw histograms. The continuous build and
    // the incremental resume rely on this agreeing at the slow -> fast seam.
    #[test]
    fn reconfigure_matches_fresh_warmup() {
        let hists: Vec<HistogramRaw> = (0..60)
            .map(|i| {
                let mut h = HistogramRaw::zeros();
                h.increment(1200 + i % 7);
                h.increment(1600 + i % 5);
                h
            })
            .collect();

        let fast = Config::default();
        let mut switched = Oracle::new(1600.0, Config::slow());
        hists.iter().for_each(|h| {
            switched.process_histogram(h);
        });
        switched.reconfigure(fast.clone());

        let keep = fast.window_size;
        let fresh = Oracle::from_checkpoint(switched.ref_bin(), fast, |o| {
            hists[hists.len() - keep..].iter().for_each(|h| {
                o.process_histogram(h);
            });
        });

        assert!(switched.ema().iter().eq(fresh.ema().iter()));
    }
}