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feat(acars): add message translator and ADS-B datalink integration
Add ACARS label translation, message classification, and field parsers so decoded messages show human-readable descriptions instead of raw label codes (H1, DF, _d, 5Z, etc.). Integrate translated ACARS messages into the ADS-B aircraft detail panel and add a live message feed to the standalone ACARS mode. - New utils/acars_translator.py with ~50 label codes, type classifier, and parsers for position reports, engine data, weather, and OOOI - Enrich messages at ingest in routes/acars.py with translation fields - Backfill translation in /adsb/aircraft/<icao>/messages endpoint - ADS-B dashboard: DATALINK MESSAGES section in aircraft detail panel with auto-refresh, color-coded type badges, and parsed field display - Standalone ACARS mode: scrollable live message feed (max 30 cards) - Fix default N. America ACARS frequencies to 131.550/130.025/129.125 - Unit tests covering all translator functions Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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mitchross
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"""ACARS message translator — label lookup, classification, and field parsers."""
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from __future__ import annotations
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import re
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# Common ACARS label codes → human-readable descriptions
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# Sources: ARINC 618, ARINC 620, airline implementations
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ACARS_LABELS: dict[str, str] = {
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# Position & navigation
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'H1': 'Position report (HF data link)',
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'H2': 'Weather report',
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'5Z': 'OOOI (gate times)',
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'15': 'Departure report',
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'16': 'Arrival report',
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'20': 'Position report',
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'22': 'Fuel report',
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'2Z': 'Off-gate report',
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'30': 'Progress report',
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'44': 'Weather request',
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'80': 'Free text (3-char header)',
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'83': 'Free text',
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'8E': 'ATIS request',
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# Engine & performance
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'DF': 'Engine data / DFDR',
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'D3': 'Engine exceedance',
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'D6': 'Engine trend data',
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# ATS / air traffic services
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'B1': 'ATC request',
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'B2': 'ATC clearance',
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'B3': 'ATC comm test',
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'B6': 'ATC departure clearance',
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'B9': 'ATC message',
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'BA': 'ATC advisory',
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'BB': 'ATC response',
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# CPDLC (Controller-Pilot Data Link Communications)
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'AA': 'CPDLC message',
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'AB': 'CPDLC response',
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'A0': 'CPDLC uplink',
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'A1': 'CPDLC downlink',
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'A2': 'CPDLC connection request',
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'A3': 'CPDLC logon/logoff',
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'A6': 'CPDLC message',
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'A7': 'CPDLC response',
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'AT': 'CPDLC transfer',
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# Handshake & link management
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'_d': 'Demand mode (link test)',
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'Q0': 'Link test',
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'QA': 'Link test reply',
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'QB': 'Acknowledgement',
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'QC': 'Link request',
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'QD': 'Link accept',
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'QE': 'Link reject',
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'QF': 'Squitter / heartbeat',
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'QG': 'Abort',
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'QH': 'Version request',
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'QK': 'Mode change',
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'QM': 'Link verification',
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'QN': 'Media advisory',
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'QP': 'Polling',
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'QQ': 'Status',
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'QR': 'General response',
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'QS': 'System table request',
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'QT': 'System table',
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'QX': 'Frequency change',
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# Squawk & surveillance
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'SQ': 'Squawk assignment',
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'SA': 'Surveillance data',
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'S1': 'ADS-C report',
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# Airline operations
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'C1': 'Crew scheduling',
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'C2': 'Crew response',
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'C3': 'Crew message',
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'C4': 'Crew query',
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'10': 'Delay message',
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'12': 'Clearance request',
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'17': 'Cargo/load data',
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'4T': 'TWIP (terminal weather)',
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'4X': 'Connectivity test',
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'50': 'Weather observation',
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'51': 'METAR/TAF request',
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'52': 'METAR/TAF response',
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'54': 'SIGMET / AIRMET',
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'70': 'Maintenance report',
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'7A': 'Fault message',
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'7B': 'Fault clear',
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'F3': 'Flight plan',
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'F5': 'Flight plan amendment',
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'F6': 'Route request',
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'F7': 'Route clearance',
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'RA': 'ATIS report',
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'RB': 'ATIS request',
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}
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# Message type classification for UI colour coding
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MESSAGE_TYPES = {
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'position', 'engine_data', 'weather', 'ats', 'handshake',
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'oooi', 'squawk', 'link_test', 'cpdlc', 'other',
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}
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def translate_label(label: str | None) -> str:
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"""Return human-readable description for an ACARS label code."""
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if not label:
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return 'Unknown label'
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label = label.strip()
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if label in ACARS_LABELS:
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return ACARS_LABELS[label]
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# Check for Q-prefix group
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if len(label) == 2 and label.startswith('Q'):
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return f'Link management ({label})'
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return f'Label {label}'
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def classify_message_type(label: str | None, text: str | None = None) -> str:
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"""Classify an ACARS message into a canonical type for UI display."""
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if not label:
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return 'other'
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label = label.strip()
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# Position reports
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if label in ('H1', '20', '15', '16', '30', 'S1'):
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return 'position'
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if label == 'H1' or (text and '#M1BPOS' in text):
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return 'position'
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# Engine / DFDR data
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if label in ('DF', 'D3', 'D6'):
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return 'engine_data'
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# Weather
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if label in ('H2', '44', '50', '51', '52', '54', '4T'):
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return 'weather'
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# ATS / ATC
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if label.startswith('B') and len(label) == 2:
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return 'ats'
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# CPDLC
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if label in ('AA', 'AB', 'A0', 'A1', 'A2', 'A3', 'A6', 'A7', 'AT'):
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return 'cpdlc'
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# OOOI (Out/Off/On/In gate times)
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if label in ('5Z', '2Z'):
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return 'oooi'
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# Squawk
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if label in ('SQ', 'SA'):
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return 'squawk'
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# Link test / handshake
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if label in ('_d', 'Q0', 'QA', 'QB', 'QC', 'QD', 'QE', 'QF', 'QG',
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'QH', 'QK', 'QM', 'QN', 'QP', 'QQ', 'QR', 'QS', 'QT', 'QX',
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'4X'):
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return 'link_test'
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# Handshake (_d is demand mode)
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if label == '_d':
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return 'handshake'
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return 'other'
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def parse_position_report(text: str | None) -> dict | None:
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"""Parse H1 / #M1BPOS position report fields.
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Example format:
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#M1BPOSN42411W086034,CSG,070852,340,N42441W087074,DTW,0757,224A8C
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Lat/Lon: N42411W086034 (N42.411 W086.034)
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Waypoint: CSG
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Time: 070852Z
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FL: 340
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Next waypoint coords, destination, ETA
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"""
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if not text:
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return None
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result: dict = {}
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# Look for BPOS block
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bpos_match = re.search(
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r'#M\d[A-Z]*POS'
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r'([NS])(\d{2,5})([EW])(\d{3,6})'
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r',([^,]*),(\d{4,6})'
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r',(\d{2,3})'
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r'(?:,([NS]\d{2,5}[EW]\d{3,6}))?'
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r'(?:,([A-Z]{3,4}))?',
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text
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)
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if bpos_match:
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lat_dir, lat_val, lon_dir, lon_val = bpos_match.group(1, 2, 3, 4)
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# Convert to decimal degrees
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if len(lat_val) >= 4:
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lat_deg = int(lat_val[:2])
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lat_min = int(lat_val[2:]) / (10 ** (len(lat_val) - 2)) * 60
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lat = lat_deg + lat_min / 60
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else:
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lat = float(lat_val)
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if lat_dir == 'S':
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lat = -lat
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if len(lon_val) >= 5:
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lon_deg = int(lon_val[:3])
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lon_min = int(lon_val[3:]) / (10 ** (len(lon_val) - 3)) * 60
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lon = lon_deg + lon_min / 60
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else:
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lon = float(lon_val)
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if lon_dir == 'W':
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lon = -lon
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result['lat'] = round(lat, 4)
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result['lon'] = round(lon, 4)
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result['waypoint'] = bpos_match.group(5).strip() if bpos_match.group(5) else None
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result['time'] = bpos_match.group(6)
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result['flight_level'] = f"FL{bpos_match.group(7)}"
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if bpos_match.group(9):
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result['destination'] = bpos_match.group(9)
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# Look for temperature (e.g., /TS-045 or M045)
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temp_match = re.search(r'/TS([MP]?)(\d{2,3})', text)
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if temp_match:
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sign = '-' if temp_match.group(1) == 'M' else ''
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result['temperature'] = f"{sign}{temp_match.group(2)} C"
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return result if result else None
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def parse_engine_data(text: str | None) -> dict | None:
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"""Parse DF (engine/DFDR) messages.
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Common format: #DFB followed by KEY/VALUE pairs.
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Keys: SM (source mode), AC0/AC1 (engine 1/2 N2), FL (flight level),
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FU (fuel used), ES (EGT spread), BA (bleed air), CO (config), AO (auto)
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"""
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if not text:
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return None
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result: dict = {}
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engine_keys = {
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'SM': 'Source mode',
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'AC0': 'Eng 1 N2 (%)',
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'AC1': 'Eng 2 N2 (%)',
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'FL': 'Flight level',
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'FU': 'Fuel used (lbs)',
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'ES': 'EGT spread',
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'BA': 'Bleed air',
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'CO': 'Config',
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'AO': 'Auto',
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'EGT': 'Exhaust gas temp',
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'OIT': 'Oil temp',
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'OIP': 'Oil pressure',
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'N1': 'N1 (%)',
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'N2': 'N2 (%)',
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'FF': 'Fuel flow',
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'VIB': 'Vibration',
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}
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# Match KEY/VALUE or KEY VALUE patterns
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for key, desc in engine_keys.items():
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pattern = rf'\b{re.escape(key)}[/: ]?\s*([+-]?\d+\.?\d*)'
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m = re.search(pattern, text)
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if m:
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result[key] = {'value': m.group(1), 'description': desc}
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return result if result else None
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def parse_weather_data(text: str | None) -> dict | None:
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"""Parse weather report fields (/WX blocks, METAR-like data)."""
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if not text:
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return None
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result: dict = {}
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# Wind: direction/speed (e.g., 270/15 or WND270015)
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wind_match = re.search(r'(?:WND|WIND)\s*(\d{3})[/ ]?(\d{2,3})', text)
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if wind_match:
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result['wind_dir'] = f"{wind_match.group(1)} deg"
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result['wind_speed'] = f"{wind_match.group(2)} kts"
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# Airport codes (3-4 letter ICAO)
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airports = re.findall(r'\b([A-Z]{3,4})\b', text)
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if airports:
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result['airports'] = list(dict.fromkeys(airports))[:4]
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# Temperature (e.g., T24/D18, TMP24, TEMP -5)
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temp_match = re.search(r'(?:TMP|TEMP|T)\s*([MP+-]?\d{1,3})', text)
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if temp_match:
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val = temp_match.group(1).replace('M', '-').replace('P', '')
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result['temperature'] = f"{val} C"
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# Visibility
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vis_match = re.search(r'VIS\s*(\d+(?:\.\d+)?)', text)
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if vis_match:
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result['visibility'] = f"{vis_match.group(1)} SM"
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return result if result else None
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def parse_oooi(text: str | None) -> dict | None:
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"""Parse 5Z OOOI (Out/Off/On/In) gate time messages.
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Typical format: origin destination OUT OFF ON IN
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e.g., KJFK KLAX 1423 1435 1812 1824
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"""
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if not text:
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return None
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result: dict = {}
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# Try to find airport pair + 4 time blocks
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oooi_match = re.search(
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r'([A-Z]{3,4})\s+([A-Z]{3,4})\s+(\d{4})\s+(\d{4})\s+(\d{4})\s+(\d{4})',
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text
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)
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if oooi_match:
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result['origin'] = oooi_match.group(1)
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result['destination'] = oooi_match.group(2)
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result['out'] = oooi_match.group(3)
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result['off'] = oooi_match.group(4)
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result['on'] = oooi_match.group(5)
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result['in'] = oooi_match.group(6)
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return result
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# Try partial (just origin/destination and some times)
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partial = re.search(r'([A-Z]{3,4})\s+([A-Z]{3,4})', text)
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if partial:
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result['origin'] = partial.group(1)
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result['destination'] = partial.group(2)
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times = re.findall(r'\b(\d{4})\b', text)
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labels = ['out', 'off', 'on', 'in']
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for i, t in enumerate(times[:4]):
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result[labels[i]] = t
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return result if result else None
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def translate_message(msg: dict) -> dict:
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"""Translate an ACARS message dict, returning enrichment fields.
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Args:
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msg: Raw ACARS message dict with 'label', 'text'/'msg' fields.
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Returns:
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Dict with 'label_description', 'message_type', 'parsed'.
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"""
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label = msg.get('label')
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text = msg.get('text') or msg.get('msg') or ''
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label_description = translate_label(label)
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message_type = classify_message_type(label, text)
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parsed: dict | None = None
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if message_type == 'position' or (label == 'H1' and 'POS' in text.upper()):
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parsed = parse_position_report(text)
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elif message_type == 'engine_data':
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parsed = parse_engine_data(text)
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elif message_type == 'weather':
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parsed = parse_weather_data(text)
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elif message_type == 'oooi':
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parsed = parse_oooi(text)
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return {
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'label_description': label_description,
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'message_type': message_type,
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'parsed': parsed,
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}
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