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Antenna Guide

LoRa ISM band — frequency depends on region

Stock Device Antenna

Most devices: Ship with a small 915/868 MHz stubby antenna
Works for: Short range (< 1 km) urban, indoor testing
Upgrade: Replace with tuned antenna for 5–20x range improvement

Recommended Upgrades

Whip antenna: ~$8–15, tuned 915/868 MHz, SMA connector
Ground plane: 8.2 cm vertical + 4 radials (915 MHz) on SMA
Yagi: ~$15–30, directional, great for point-to-point links
Collinear: ~$20–40, omnidirectional with higher gain (~5–8 dBi)

Placement Tips

Height wins: Elevating antenna 10m can double or triple range
Line of sight: LoRa works best with clear LOS to other nodes
Connector: Most devices use SMA or RP-SMA — check before buying

Quick Reference

US / Americas	915 MHz
EU / UK / India	868 MHz
915 MHz λ/4	8.2 cm
868 MHz λ/4	8.6 cm
Modulation	LoRa (CSS)
Typical range	1–15 km