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615 lines
20 KiB
Python
615 lines
20 KiB
Python
"""
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Deauthentication attack detector using scapy.
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Monitors a WiFi interface in monitor mode for deauthentication and disassociation
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frames, detecting potential deauth flood attacks.
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"""
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from __future__ import annotations
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import contextlib
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import logging
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import threading
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import time
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from collections import defaultdict
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from dataclasses import dataclass, field
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from typing import Any, Callable
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from utils.constants import (
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DEAUTH_ALERT_THRESHOLD,
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DEAUTH_CRITICAL_THRESHOLD,
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DEAUTH_DETECTION_WINDOW,
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DEAUTH_SNIFF_TIMEOUT,
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)
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logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
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# Deauth reason code descriptions
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DEAUTH_REASON_CODES = {
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0: "Reserved",
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1: "Unspecified reason",
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2: "Previous authentication no longer valid",
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3: "Station is leaving (or has left) IBSS or ESS",
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4: "Disassociated due to inactivity",
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5: "Disassociated because AP is unable to handle all currently associated STAs",
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6: "Class 2 frame received from nonauthenticated STA",
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7: "Class 3 frame received from nonassociated STA",
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8: "Disassociated because sending STA is leaving (or has left) BSS",
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9: "STA requesting (re)association is not authenticated with responding STA",
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10: "Disassociated because the information in the Power Capability element is unacceptable",
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11: "Disassociated because the information in the Supported Channels element is unacceptable",
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12: "Disassociated due to BSS Transition Management",
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13: "Invalid information element",
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14: "MIC failure",
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15: "4-Way Handshake timeout",
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16: "Group Key Handshake timeout",
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17: "Information element in 4-Way Handshake different from (Re)Association Request/Probe Response/Beacon frame",
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18: "Invalid group cipher",
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19: "Invalid pairwise cipher",
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20: "Invalid AKMP",
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21: "Unsupported RSNE version",
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22: "Invalid RSNE capabilities",
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23: "IEEE 802.1X authentication failed",
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24: "Cipher suite rejected because of security policy",
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}
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@dataclass
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class DeauthPacketInfo:
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"""Information about a captured deauth/disassoc packet."""
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timestamp: float
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frame_type: str # 'deauth' or 'disassoc'
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src_mac: str
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dst_mac: str
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bssid: str
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reason_code: int
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signal_dbm: int | None = None
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@dataclass
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class DeauthTracker:
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"""Tracks deauth packets for a specific source/dest/bssid combination."""
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packets: list[DeauthPacketInfo] = field(default_factory=list)
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first_seen: float = 0.0
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last_seen: float = 0.0
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alert_sent: bool = False
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def add_packet(self, pkt: DeauthPacketInfo):
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self.packets.append(pkt)
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now = pkt.timestamp
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if self.first_seen == 0.0:
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self.first_seen = now
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self.last_seen = now
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def get_packets_in_window(self, window_seconds: float) -> list[DeauthPacketInfo]:
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"""Get packets within the time window."""
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cutoff = time.time() - window_seconds
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return [p for p in self.packets if p.timestamp >= cutoff]
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def cleanup_old_packets(self, window_seconds: float):
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"""Remove packets older than the window."""
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cutoff = time.time() - window_seconds
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self.packets = [p for p in self.packets if p.timestamp >= cutoff]
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if self.packets:
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self.first_seen = self.packets[0].timestamp
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else:
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self.first_seen = 0.0
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self.alert_sent = False
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@dataclass
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class DeauthAlert:
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"""A deauthentication attack alert."""
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id: str
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timestamp: float
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severity: str # 'low', 'medium', 'high'
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# Attacker info
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attacker_mac: str
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attacker_vendor: str | None
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attacker_signal_dbm: int | None
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is_spoofed_ap: bool
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# Target info
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target_mac: str
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target_vendor: str | None
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target_type: str # 'client', 'broadcast', 'ap'
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target_known_from_scan: bool
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# Access point info
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ap_bssid: str
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ap_essid: str | None
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ap_channel: int | None
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# Attack info
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frame_type: str
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reason_code: int
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reason_text: str
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packet_count: int
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window_seconds: float
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packets_per_second: float
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# Analysis
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attack_type: str # 'targeted', 'broadcast', 'ap_flood'
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description: str
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def to_dict(self) -> dict:
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"""Convert to dictionary for JSON serialization."""
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return {
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'id': self.id,
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'type': 'deauth_alert',
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'timestamp': self.timestamp,
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'severity': self.severity,
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'attacker': {
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'mac': self.attacker_mac,
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'vendor': self.attacker_vendor,
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'signal_dbm': self.attacker_signal_dbm,
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'is_spoofed_ap': self.is_spoofed_ap,
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},
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'target': {
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'mac': self.target_mac,
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'vendor': self.target_vendor,
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'type': self.target_type,
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'known_from_scan': self.target_known_from_scan,
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},
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'access_point': {
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'bssid': self.ap_bssid,
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'essid': self.ap_essid,
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'channel': self.ap_channel,
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},
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'attack_info': {
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'frame_type': self.frame_type,
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'reason_code': self.reason_code,
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'reason_text': self.reason_text,
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'packet_count': self.packet_count,
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'window_seconds': self.window_seconds,
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'packets_per_second': self.packets_per_second,
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},
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'analysis': {
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'attack_type': self.attack_type,
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'description': self.description,
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},
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}
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class DeauthDetector:
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"""
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Detects deauthentication attacks using scapy.
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Monitors a WiFi interface in monitor mode for deauth/disassoc frames
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and emits alerts when attack thresholds are exceeded.
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"""
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def __init__(
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self,
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interface: str,
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event_callback: Callable[[dict], None],
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get_networks: Callable[[], dict[str, Any]] | None = None,
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get_clients: Callable[[], dict[str, Any]] | None = None,
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):
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"""
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Initialize the deauth detector.
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Args:
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interface: Monitor mode interface to sniff on
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event_callback: Callback function to receive alert events
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get_networks: Optional function to get current WiFi networks (bssid -> network_info)
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get_clients: Optional function to get current WiFi clients (mac -> client_info)
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"""
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self.interface = interface
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self.event_callback = event_callback
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self.get_networks = get_networks
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self.get_clients = get_clients
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self._stop_event = threading.Event()
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self._thread: threading.Thread | None = None
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self._lock = threading.Lock()
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# Track deauth packets by (src, dst, bssid) tuple
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self._trackers: dict[tuple[str, str, str], DeauthTracker] = defaultdict(DeauthTracker)
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# Alert history
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self._alerts: list[DeauthAlert] = []
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self._alert_counter = 0
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# Stats
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self._packets_captured = 0
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self._alerts_generated = 0
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self._started_at: float | None = None
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@property
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def is_running(self) -> bool:
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"""Check if detector is running."""
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return self._thread is not None and self._thread.is_alive()
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@property
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def stats(self) -> dict:
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"""Get detector statistics."""
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return {
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'is_running': self.is_running,
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'interface': self.interface,
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'started_at': self._started_at,
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'packets_captured': self._packets_captured,
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'alerts_generated': self._alerts_generated,
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'active_trackers': len(self._trackers),
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}
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def start(self) -> bool:
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"""
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Start detection in background thread.
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Returns:
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True if started successfully.
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"""
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if self.is_running:
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logger.warning("Deauth detector already running")
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return True
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self._stop_event.clear()
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self._started_at = time.time()
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self._thread = threading.Thread(
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target=self._sniff_loop,
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name="DeauthDetector",
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daemon=True,
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)
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self._thread.start()
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logger.info(f"Deauth detector started on {self.interface}")
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return True
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def stop(self) -> bool:
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"""
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Stop detection.
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Returns:
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True if stopped successfully.
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"""
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if not self.is_running:
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return True
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logger.info("Stopping deauth detector...")
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self._stop_event.set()
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if self._thread:
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self._thread.join(timeout=5)
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if self._thread.is_alive():
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logger.warning("Deauth detector thread did not stop cleanly")
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self._thread = None
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self._started_at = None
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logger.info("Deauth detector stopped")
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return True
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def get_alerts(self, limit: int = 100) -> list[dict]:
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"""Get recent alerts."""
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with self._lock:
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return [a.to_dict() for a in self._alerts[-limit:]]
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def clear_alerts(self):
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"""Clear alert history."""
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with self._lock:
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self._alerts.clear()
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self._trackers.clear()
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self._alert_counter = 0
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def _sniff_loop(self):
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"""Main sniffing loop using scapy."""
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try:
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from scapy.all import Dot11, Dot11Deauth, Dot11Disas, sniff
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except ImportError:
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logger.error("scapy not installed. Install with: pip install scapy")
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self.event_callback({
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'type': 'deauth_error',
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'error': 'scapy not installed',
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})
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return
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logger.info(f"Starting deauth sniff on {self.interface}")
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def packet_handler(pkt):
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"""Handle each captured packet."""
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if self._stop_event.is_set():
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return
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# Check for deauth or disassoc frames
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if pkt.haslayer(Dot11Deauth) or pkt.haslayer(Dot11Disas):
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self._process_deauth_packet(pkt)
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try:
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# Use stop_filter to allow clean shutdown
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sniff(
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iface=self.interface,
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prn=packet_handler,
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store=False,
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stop_filter=lambda _: self._stop_event.is_set(),
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timeout=DEAUTH_SNIFF_TIMEOUT,
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)
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# Continue sniffing until stop is requested
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while not self._stop_event.is_set():
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sniff(
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iface=self.interface,
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prn=packet_handler,
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store=False,
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stop_filter=lambda _: self._stop_event.is_set(),
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timeout=DEAUTH_SNIFF_TIMEOUT,
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)
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# Periodic cleanup
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self._cleanup_old_trackers()
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except OSError as e:
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if "No such device" in str(e):
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logger.error(f"Interface {self.interface} not found")
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self.event_callback({
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'type': 'deauth_error',
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'error': f'Interface {self.interface} not found',
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})
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else:
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logger.exception(f"Sniff error: {e}")
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self.event_callback({
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'type': 'deauth_error',
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'error': str(e),
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})
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except Exception as e:
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logger.exception(f"Sniff error: {e}")
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self.event_callback({
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'type': 'deauth_error',
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'error': str(e),
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})
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def _process_deauth_packet(self, pkt):
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"""Process a deauth/disassoc packet and emit alert if threshold exceeded."""
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try:
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from scapy.all import Dot11, Dot11Deauth, Dot11Disas, RadioTap
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except ImportError:
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return
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# Determine frame type
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if pkt.haslayer(Dot11Deauth):
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frame_type = 'deauth'
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reason_code = pkt[Dot11Deauth].reason
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elif pkt.haslayer(Dot11Disas):
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frame_type = 'disassoc'
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reason_code = pkt[Dot11Disas].reason
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else:
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return
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# Extract addresses from Dot11 layer
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dot11 = pkt[Dot11]
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dst_mac = (dot11.addr1 or '').upper()
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src_mac = (dot11.addr2 or '').upper()
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bssid = (dot11.addr3 or '').upper()
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# Skip if addresses are missing
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if not src_mac or not dst_mac:
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return
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# Extract signal strength from RadioTap if available
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signal_dbm = None
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if pkt.haslayer(RadioTap):
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with contextlib.suppress(AttributeError):
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signal_dbm = pkt[RadioTap].dBm_AntSignal
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# Create packet info
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pkt_info = DeauthPacketInfo(
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timestamp=time.time(),
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frame_type=frame_type,
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src_mac=src_mac,
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dst_mac=dst_mac,
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bssid=bssid,
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reason_code=reason_code,
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signal_dbm=signal_dbm,
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)
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self._packets_captured += 1
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# Track packet
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tracker_key = (src_mac, dst_mac, bssid)
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with self._lock:
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tracker = self._trackers[tracker_key]
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tracker.add_packet(pkt_info)
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# Check if threshold exceeded
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packets_in_window = tracker.get_packets_in_window(DEAUTH_DETECTION_WINDOW)
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packet_count = len(packets_in_window)
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if packet_count >= DEAUTH_ALERT_THRESHOLD and not tracker.alert_sent:
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# Generate alert
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alert = self._generate_alert(
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tracker_key=tracker_key,
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packets=packets_in_window,
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packet_count=packet_count,
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)
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self._alerts.append(alert)
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self._alerts_generated += 1
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tracker.alert_sent = True
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# Emit event
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self.event_callback(alert.to_dict())
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logger.warning(
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f"Deauth attack detected: {src_mac} -> {dst_mac} "
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f"({packet_count} packets in {DEAUTH_DETECTION_WINDOW}s)"
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)
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def _generate_alert(
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self,
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tracker_key: tuple[str, str, str],
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packets: list[DeauthPacketInfo],
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packet_count: int,
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) -> DeauthAlert:
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"""Generate an alert from tracked packets."""
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src_mac, dst_mac, bssid = tracker_key
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# Get latest packet for details
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latest_pkt = packets[-1] if packets else None
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# Determine severity
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if packet_count >= DEAUTH_CRITICAL_THRESHOLD:
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severity = 'high'
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elif packet_count >= DEAUTH_ALERT_THRESHOLD * 2.5:
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severity = 'medium'
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else:
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severity = 'low'
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# Lookup AP info
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ap_info = self._lookup_ap(bssid)
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# Lookup target info
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target_info = self._lookup_device(dst_mac)
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# Determine target type
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if dst_mac == 'FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF':
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target_type = 'broadcast'
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elif dst_mac in self._get_known_aps():
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target_type = 'ap'
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else:
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target_type = 'client'
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# Check if source is spoofed (matches known AP)
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is_spoofed = self._check_spoofed_source(src_mac)
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# Get attacker vendor
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attacker_vendor = self._get_vendor(src_mac)
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# Calculate packets per second
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if packets:
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time_span = packets[-1].timestamp - packets[0].timestamp
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pps = packet_count / time_span if time_span > 0 else float(packet_count)
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else:
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pps = 0.0
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# Determine attack type and description
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if dst_mac == 'FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF':
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attack_type = 'broadcast'
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description = "Broadcast deauth flood targeting all clients on the network"
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elif target_type == 'ap':
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attack_type = 'ap_flood'
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description = "Deauth flood targeting access point"
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else:
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attack_type = 'targeted'
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description = f"Targeted deauth flood against {'known' if target_info.get('known_from_scan') else 'unknown'} client"
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# Get reason code info
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reason_code = latest_pkt.reason_code if latest_pkt else 0
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reason_text = DEAUTH_REASON_CODES.get(reason_code, f"Unknown ({reason_code})")
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# Get signal
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signal_dbm = None
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for pkt in reversed(packets):
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if pkt.signal_dbm is not None:
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signal_dbm = pkt.signal_dbm
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break
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# Generate unique ID
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self._alert_counter += 1
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alert_id = f"deauth-{int(time.time())}-{self._alert_counter}"
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return DeauthAlert(
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id=alert_id,
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timestamp=time.time(),
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severity=severity,
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attacker_mac=src_mac,
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attacker_vendor=attacker_vendor,
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attacker_signal_dbm=signal_dbm,
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is_spoofed_ap=is_spoofed,
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target_mac=dst_mac,
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target_vendor=target_info.get('vendor'),
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target_type=target_type,
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target_known_from_scan=target_info.get('known_from_scan', False),
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ap_bssid=bssid,
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ap_essid=ap_info.get('essid'),
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ap_channel=ap_info.get('channel'),
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frame_type=latest_pkt.frame_type if latest_pkt else 'deauth',
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reason_code=reason_code,
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|
reason_text=reason_text,
|
|
packet_count=packet_count,
|
|
window_seconds=DEAUTH_DETECTION_WINDOW,
|
|
packets_per_second=round(pps, 1),
|
|
attack_type=attack_type,
|
|
description=description,
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
def _lookup_ap(self, bssid: str) -> dict:
|
|
"""Get AP info from current scan data."""
|
|
if not self.get_networks:
|
|
return {'bssid': bssid, 'essid': None, 'channel': None}
|
|
|
|
try:
|
|
networks = self.get_networks()
|
|
ap = networks.get(bssid.upper())
|
|
if ap:
|
|
return {
|
|
'bssid': bssid,
|
|
'essid': ap.get('essid') or ap.get('ssid'),
|
|
'channel': ap.get('channel'),
|
|
}
|
|
except Exception as e:
|
|
logger.debug(f"Error looking up AP {bssid}: {e}")
|
|
|
|
return {'bssid': bssid, 'essid': None, 'channel': None}
|
|
|
|
def _lookup_device(self, mac: str) -> dict:
|
|
"""Get device info and vendor from MAC."""
|
|
vendor = self._get_vendor(mac)
|
|
known_from_scan = False
|
|
|
|
if self.get_clients:
|
|
try:
|
|
clients = self.get_clients()
|
|
if mac.upper() in clients:
|
|
known_from_scan = True
|
|
except Exception:
|
|
pass
|
|
|
|
return {
|
|
'mac': mac,
|
|
'vendor': vendor,
|
|
'known_from_scan': known_from_scan,
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
def _get_known_aps(self) -> set[str]:
|
|
"""Get set of known AP BSSIDs."""
|
|
if not self.get_networks:
|
|
return set()
|
|
|
|
try:
|
|
networks = self.get_networks()
|
|
return {bssid.upper() for bssid in networks}
|
|
except Exception:
|
|
return set()
|
|
|
|
def _check_spoofed_source(self, src_mac: str) -> bool:
|
|
"""Check if source MAC matches a known AP (spoofing indicator)."""
|
|
return src_mac.upper() in self._get_known_aps()
|
|
|
|
def _get_vendor(self, mac: str) -> str | None:
|
|
"""Get vendor from MAC OUI."""
|
|
try:
|
|
from data.oui import get_manufacturer
|
|
vendor = get_manufacturer(mac)
|
|
return vendor if vendor != 'Unknown' else None
|
|
except Exception:
|
|
pass
|
|
|
|
# Fallback to wifi constants
|
|
try:
|
|
from utils.wifi.constants import get_vendor_from_mac
|
|
return get_vendor_from_mac(mac)
|
|
except Exception:
|
|
return None
|
|
|
|
def _cleanup_old_trackers(self):
|
|
"""Remove old packets and empty trackers."""
|
|
with self._lock:
|
|
keys_to_remove = []
|
|
for key, tracker in self._trackers.items():
|
|
tracker.cleanup_old_packets(DEAUTH_DETECTION_WINDOW * 2)
|
|
if not tracker.packets:
|
|
keys_to_remove.append(key)
|
|
|
|
for key in keys_to_remove:
|
|
del self._trackers[key]
|