intercept/routes/satellite.py

"""Satellite tracking routes."""

from __future__ import annotations

import math
import threading
import time
import urllib.request
from datetime import datetime, timedelta

import requests
from flask import Blueprint, Response, jsonify, make_response, render_template, request

from config import SHARED_OBSERVER_LOCATION_ENABLED
from utils.sse import sse_stream_fanout
from data.satellites import TLE_SATELLITES
from utils.database import (
    add_tracked_satellite,
    bulk_add_tracked_satellites,
    get_tracked_satellites,
    remove_tracked_satellite,
    update_tracked_satellite,
)
from utils.logging import satellite_logger as logger
from utils.responses import api_error
from utils.validation import validate_elevation, validate_hours, validate_latitude, validate_longitude

satellite_bp = Blueprint('satellite', __name__, url_prefix='/satellite')

# Cache skyfield timescale to avoid re-downloading/re-parsing per request
_cached_timescale = None


def _get_timescale():
    global _cached_timescale
    if _cached_timescale is None:
        from skyfield.api import load
        # Use bundled timescale data so the first request does not block on network I/O.
        _cached_timescale = load.timescale(builtin=True)
    return _cached_timescale

# Maximum response size for external requests (1MB)
MAX_RESPONSE_SIZE = 1024 * 1024

# Allowed hosts for TLE fetching
ALLOWED_TLE_HOSTS = ['celestrak.org', 'celestrak.com', 'www.celestrak.org', 'www.celestrak.com']

# Local TLE cache (can be updated via API)
_tle_cache = dict(TLE_SATELLITES)

# Ground track cache: key=(sat_name, tle_line1[:20]) -> (track_data, computed_at_timestamp)
# TTL is 1800 seconds (30 minutes)
_track_cache: dict = {}
_TRACK_CACHE_TTL = 1800

# Thread pool for background ground-track computation (non-blocking from 1Hz tracker loop)
from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor as _ThreadPoolExecutor
_track_executor = _ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=2, thread_name_prefix='sat-track')
_track_in_progress: set = set()  # cache keys currently being computed
_pass_cache: dict = {}
_PASS_CACHE_TTL = 300

_BUILTIN_NORAD_TO_KEY = {
    25544: 'ISS',
    40069: 'METEOR-M2',
    57166: 'METEOR-M2-3',
    59051: 'METEOR-M2-4',
}


def _load_db_satellites_into_cache():
    """Load user-tracked satellites from DB into the TLE cache."""
    global _tle_cache
    try:
        db_sats = get_tracked_satellites()
        loaded = 0
        for sat in db_sats:
            if sat['tle_line1'] and sat['tle_line2']:
                # Use a cache key derived from name (sanitised)
                cache_key = sat['name'].replace(' ', '-').upper()
                if cache_key not in _tle_cache:
                    _tle_cache[cache_key] = (sat['name'], sat['tle_line1'], sat['tle_line2'])
                    loaded += 1
        if loaded:
            logger.info(f"Loaded {loaded} user-tracked satellites into TLE cache")
    except Exception as e:
        logger.warning(f"Failed to load DB satellites into TLE cache: {e}")


def _normalize_satellite_name(value: object) -> str:
    """Normalize satellite identifiers for loose name matching."""
    return str(value or '').strip().replace(' ', '-').upper()


def _get_tracked_satellite_maps() -> tuple[dict[int, dict], dict[str, dict]]:
    """Return tracked satellites indexed by NORAD ID and normalized name."""
    by_norad: dict[int, dict] = {}
    by_name: dict[str, dict] = {}
    try:
        for sat in get_tracked_satellites():
            try:
                norad_id = int(sat['norad_id'])
            except (TypeError, ValueError):
                continue
            by_norad[norad_id] = sat
            by_name[_normalize_satellite_name(sat.get('name'))] = sat
    except Exception as e:
        logger.warning(f"Failed to read tracked satellites for lookup: {e}")
    return by_norad, by_name


def _resolve_satellite_request(sat: object, tracked_by_norad: dict[int, dict], tracked_by_name: dict[str, dict]) -> tuple[str, int | None, tuple[str, str, str] | None]:
    """Resolve a satellite request to display name, NORAD ID, and TLE data."""
    norad_id: int | None = None
    sat_key: str | None = None
    tracked: dict | None = None

    if isinstance(sat, int):
        norad_id = sat
    elif isinstance(sat, str):
        stripped = sat.strip()
        if stripped.isdigit():
            norad_id = int(stripped)
        else:
            sat_key = stripped

    if norad_id is not None:
        tracked = tracked_by_norad.get(norad_id)
        sat_key = _BUILTIN_NORAD_TO_KEY.get(norad_id) or (tracked.get('name') if tracked else str(norad_id))
    else:
        normalized = _normalize_satellite_name(sat_key)
        tracked = tracked_by_name.get(normalized)
        if tracked:
            try:
                norad_id = int(tracked['norad_id'])
            except (TypeError, ValueError):
                norad_id = None
            sat_key = tracked.get('name') or sat_key

    tle_data = None
    candidate_keys: list[str] = []
    if sat_key:
        candidate_keys.extend([
            sat_key,
            _normalize_satellite_name(sat_key),
        ])
    if tracked and tracked.get('name'):
        candidate_keys.extend([
            tracked['name'],
            _normalize_satellite_name(tracked['name']),
        ])

    seen: set[str] = set()
    for key in candidate_keys:
        norm = _normalize_satellite_name(key)
        if norm in seen:
            continue
        seen.add(norm)
        if key in _tle_cache:
            tle_data = _tle_cache[key]
            break
        if norm in _tle_cache:
            tle_data = _tle_cache[norm]
            break

    if tle_data is None and tracked and tracked.get('tle_line1') and tracked.get('tle_line2'):
        display_name = tracked.get('name') or sat_key or str(norad_id or 'UNKNOWN')
        tle_data = (display_name, tracked['tle_line1'], tracked['tle_line2'])
        _tle_cache[_normalize_satellite_name(display_name)] = tle_data

    if tle_data is None and sat_key:
        normalized = _normalize_satellite_name(sat_key)
        for key, value in _tle_cache.items():
            if key == normalized or _normalize_satellite_name(value[0]) == normalized:
                tle_data = value
                break

    display_name = _BUILTIN_NORAD_TO_KEY.get(norad_id or -1)
    if not display_name:
        display_name = (tracked.get('name') if tracked else None) or (tle_data[0] if tle_data else None) or (sat_key if sat_key else str(norad_id or 'UNKNOWN'))
    return display_name, norad_id, tle_data


def _make_pass_cache_key(
    lat: float,
    lon: float,
    hours: int,
    min_el: float,
    resolved_satellites: list[tuple[str, int, tuple[str, str, str]]],
) -> tuple:
    """Build a stable cache key for predicted passes."""
    return (
        round(lat, 4),
        round(lon, 4),
        int(hours),
        round(float(min_el), 1),
        tuple(
            (
                sat_name,
                norad_id,
                tle_data[1][:32],
                tle_data[2][:32],
            )
            for sat_name, norad_id, tle_data in resolved_satellites
        ),
    )


def _start_satellite_tracker():
    """Background thread: push live satellite positions to satellite_queue every second."""
    import app as app_module

    try:
        from skyfield.api import EarthSatellite, wgs84
    except ImportError:
        logger.warning("skyfield not installed; satellite tracker thread will not run")
        return

    ts = _get_timescale()
    logger.info("Satellite tracker thread started")

    while True:
        try:
            now = ts.now()
            now_dt = now.utc_datetime()

            tracked = get_tracked_satellites(enabled_only=True)
            positions = []

            for sat_rec in tracked:
                sat_name = sat_rec['name']
                norad_id = sat_rec.get('norad_id', 0)
                tle1 = sat_rec.get('tle_line1')
                tle2 = sat_rec.get('tle_line2')
                if not tle1 or not tle2:
                    # Fall back to TLE cache
                    cache_key = sat_name.replace(' ', '-').upper()
                    if cache_key not in _tle_cache:
                        continue
                    tle_entry = _tle_cache[cache_key]
                    tle1 = tle_entry[1]
                    tle2 = tle_entry[2]

                try:
                    satellite = EarthSatellite(tle1, tle2, sat_name, ts)
                    geocentric = satellite.at(now)
                    subpoint = wgs84.subpoint(geocentric)

                    # SSE stream is server-wide and cannot know per-client observer
                    # location. Observer-relative fields (elevation, azimuth, distance,
                    # visible) are intentionally omitted here — the per-client HTTP poll
                    # at /satellite/position owns those using the client's actual location.
                    pos = {
                        'satellite': sat_name,
                        'norad_id': norad_id,
                        'lat': float(subpoint.latitude.degrees),
                        'lon': float(subpoint.longitude.degrees),
                        'altitude': float(subpoint.elevation.km),
                    }

                    # Ground track with caching (90 points, TTL 1800s).
                    # If the cache is stale, kick off background computation so the
                    # 1Hz tracker loop is not blocked. The client retains the previous
                    # track via SSE merge until the new one arrives next tick.
                    cache_key_track = (sat_name, tle1[:20])
                    cached = _track_cache.get(cache_key_track)
                    if cached and (time.time() - cached[1]) < _TRACK_CACHE_TTL:
                        pos['groundTrack'] = cached[0]
                    elif cache_key_track not in _track_in_progress:
                        _track_in_progress.add(cache_key_track)
                        _sat_ref = satellite
                        _ts_ref = ts
                        _now_dt_ref = now_dt

                        def _compute_track(_sat=_sat_ref, _ts=_ts_ref, _now_dt=_now_dt_ref, _key=cache_key_track):
                            try:
                                track = []
                                for minutes_offset in range(-45, 46, 1):
                                    t_point = _ts.utc(_now_dt + timedelta(minutes=minutes_offset))
                                    try:
                                        geo = _sat.at(t_point)
                                        sp = wgs84.subpoint(geo)
                                        track.append({
                                            'lat': float(sp.latitude.degrees),
                                            'lon': float(sp.longitude.degrees),
                                            'past': minutes_offset < 0,
                                        })
                                    except Exception:
                                        continue
                                _track_cache[_key] = (track, time.time())
                            except Exception:
                                pass
                            finally:
                                _track_in_progress.discard(_key)

                        _track_executor.submit(_compute_track)
                        # groundTrack omitted this tick; frontend retains prior value

                    positions.append(pos)
                except Exception:
                    continue

            if positions:
                msg = {
                    'type': 'positions',
                    'positions': positions,
                    'timestamp': datetime.utcnow().isoformat(),
                }
                try:
                    app_module.satellite_queue.put_nowait(msg)
                except Exception:
                    pass

        except Exception as e:
            logger.debug(f"Satellite tracker error: {e}")

        time.sleep(1)


_TLE_REFRESH_INTERVAL_SECONDS = 24 * 60 * 60  # 24 hours


def init_tle_auto_refresh():
    """Initialize TLE auto-refresh. Called by app.py after initialization."""
    def _schedule_next_tle_refresh(delay: float = _TLE_REFRESH_INTERVAL_SECONDS) -> None:
        t = threading.Timer(delay, _auto_refresh_tle)
        t.daemon = True
        t.start()

    def _auto_refresh_tle():
        try:
            _load_db_satellites_into_cache()
            updated = refresh_tle_data()
            if updated:
                logger.info(f"Auto-refreshed TLE data for: {', '.join(updated)}")
        except Exception as e:
            logger.warning(f"Auto TLE refresh failed: {e}")
        finally:
            # Schedule next refresh regardless of success/failure
            _schedule_next_tle_refresh()

    # First refresh 2 seconds after startup, then every 24 hours
    threading.Timer(2.0, _auto_refresh_tle).start()
    logger.info("TLE auto-refresh scheduled (24h interval)")

    # Start live position tracker thread
    tracker_thread = threading.Thread(
        target=_start_satellite_tracker,
        daemon=True,
        name='satellite-tracker',
    )
    tracker_thread.start()
    logger.info("Satellite tracker thread launched")


def _fetch_iss_realtime(observer_lat: float | None = None, observer_lon: float | None = None) -> dict | None:
    """
    Fetch real-time ISS position from external APIs.

    Returns position data dict or None if all APIs fail.
    """
    iss_lat = None
    iss_lon = None
    iss_alt = 420  # Default altitude in km
    source = None

    # Try primary API: Where The ISS At
    try:
        response = requests.get('https://api.wheretheiss.at/v1/satellites/25544', timeout=5)
        if response.status_code == 200:
            data = response.json()
            iss_lat = float(data['latitude'])
            iss_lon = float(data['longitude'])
            iss_alt = float(data.get('altitude', 420))
            source = 'wheretheiss'
    except Exception as e:
        logger.debug(f"Where The ISS At API failed: {e}")

    # Try fallback API: Open Notify
    if iss_lat is None:
        try:
            response = requests.get('http://api.open-notify.org/iss-now.json', timeout=5)
            if response.status_code == 200:
                data = response.json()
                if data.get('message') == 'success':
                    iss_lat = float(data['iss_position']['latitude'])
                    iss_lon = float(data['iss_position']['longitude'])
                    source = 'open-notify'
        except Exception as e:
            logger.debug(f"Open Notify API failed: {e}")

    if iss_lat is None:
        return None

    result = {
        'satellite': 'ISS',
        'norad_id': 25544,
        'lat': iss_lat,
        'lon': iss_lon,
        'altitude': iss_alt,
        'source': source
    }

    # Calculate observer-relative data if location provided
    if observer_lat is not None and observer_lon is not None:
        # Earth radius in km
        earth_radius = 6371

        # Convert to radians
        lat1 = math.radians(observer_lat)
        lat2 = math.radians(iss_lat)
        lon1 = math.radians(observer_lon)
        lon2 = math.radians(iss_lon)

        # Haversine for ground distance
        dlat = lat2 - lat1
        dlon = lon2 - lon1
        a = math.sin(dlat/2)**2 + math.cos(lat1) * math.cos(lat2) * math.sin(dlon/2)**2
        c = 2 * math.asin(math.sqrt(a))
        ground_distance = earth_radius * c

        # Calculate slant range
        slant_range = math.sqrt(ground_distance**2 + iss_alt**2)

        # Calculate elevation angle (simplified)
        if ground_distance > 0:
            elevation = math.degrees(math.atan2(iss_alt - (ground_distance**2 / (2 * earth_radius)), ground_distance))
        else:
            elevation = 90.0

        # Calculate azimuth
        y = math.sin(dlon) * math.cos(lat2)
        x = math.cos(lat1) * math.sin(lat2) - math.sin(lat1) * math.cos(lat2) * math.cos(dlon)
        azimuth = math.degrees(math.atan2(y, x))
        azimuth = (azimuth + 360) % 360

        result['elevation'] = round(elevation, 1)
        result['azimuth'] = round(azimuth, 1)
        result['distance'] = round(slant_range, 1)
        result['visible'] = elevation > 0

    return result


@satellite_bp.route('/dashboard')
def satellite_dashboard():
    """Popout satellite tracking dashboard."""
    embedded = request.args.get('embedded', 'false') == 'true'
    response = make_response(render_template(
        'satellite_dashboard.html',
        shared_observer_location=SHARED_OBSERVER_LOCATION_ENABLED,
        embedded=embedded,
    ))
    response.headers['Cache-Control'] = 'no-store, no-cache, must-revalidate, max-age=0'
    response.headers['Pragma'] = 'no-cache'
    response.headers['Expires'] = '0'
    return response


@satellite_bp.route('/predict', methods=['POST'])
def predict_passes():
    """Calculate satellite passes using skyfield."""
    try:
        from skyfield.api import EarthSatellite, wgs84
    except ImportError:
        return jsonify({
            'status': 'error',
            'message': 'skyfield library not installed. Run: pip install skyfield'
        }), 503

    from utils.satellite_predict import predict_passes as _predict_passes

    data = request.json or {}

    try:
        # Validate inputs
        lat = validate_latitude(data.get('latitude', data.get('lat', 51.5074)))
        lon = validate_longitude(data.get('longitude', data.get('lon', -0.1278)))
        hours = validate_hours(data.get('hours', 24))
        min_el = validate_elevation(data.get('minEl', 10))
    except ValueError as e:
        return api_error(str(e), 400)

    try:
        sat_input = data.get('satellites', ['ISS', 'METEOR-M2-3', 'METEOR-M2-4'])
        passes = []
        colors = {
            'ISS': '#00ffff',
            'METEOR-M2': '#9370DB',
            'METEOR-M2-3': '#ff00ff',
            'METEOR-M2-4': '#00ff88',
        }
        tracked_by_norad, tracked_by_name = _get_tracked_satellite_maps()

        resolved_satellites: list[tuple[str, int, tuple[str, str, str]]] = []
        for sat in sat_input:
            sat_name, norad_id, tle_data = _resolve_satellite_request(
                sat,
                tracked_by_norad,
                tracked_by_name,
            )
            if not tle_data:
                continue
            resolved_satellites.append((sat_name, norad_id or 0, tle_data))

        if not resolved_satellites:
            return jsonify({
                'status': 'success',
                'passes': [],
                'cached': False,
            })

        cache_key = _make_pass_cache_key(lat, lon, hours, min_el, resolved_satellites)
        cached = _pass_cache.get(cache_key)
        now_ts = time.time()
        if cached and (now_ts - cached[1]) < _PASS_CACHE_TTL:
            return jsonify({
                'status': 'success',
                'passes': cached[0],
                'cached': True,
            })

        ts = _get_timescale()
        observer = wgs84.latlon(lat, lon)
        t0 = ts.now()
        t1 = ts.utc(t0.utc_datetime() + timedelta(hours=hours))

        for sat_name, norad_id, tle_data in resolved_satellites:
            current_pos = None
            try:
                satellite = EarthSatellite(tle_data[1], tle_data[2], tle_data[0], ts)
                geo = satellite.at(t0)
                sp = wgs84.subpoint(geo)
                current_pos = {
                    'lat': float(sp.latitude.degrees),
                    'lon': float(sp.longitude.degrees),
                    'altitude': float(sp.elevation.km),
                }
                # Add observer-relative data using the request's observer location
                try:
                    diff = satellite - observer
                    topo = diff.at(t0)
                    alt_deg, az_deg, dist_km = topo.altaz()
                    current_pos['elevation'] = round(float(alt_deg.degrees), 1)
                    current_pos['azimuth'] = round(float(az_deg.degrees), 1)
                    current_pos['distance'] = round(float(dist_km.km), 1)
                    current_pos['visible'] = bool(alt_deg.degrees > 0)
                except Exception:
                    pass
            except Exception:
                pass

            sat_passes = _predict_passes(tle_data, observer, ts, t0, t1, min_el=min_el)
            for p in sat_passes:
                p['satellite'] = sat_name
                p['norad'] = norad_id
                p['color'] = colors.get(sat_name, '#00ff00')
                if current_pos:
                    p['currentPos'] = current_pos
            passes.extend(sat_passes)

        passes.sort(key=lambda p: p['startTimeISO'])
        _pass_cache[cache_key] = (passes, now_ts)

        return jsonify({
            'status': 'success',
            'passes': passes,
            'cached': False,
        })
    except Exception as exc:
        logger.exception('Satellite pass calculation failed')
        if 'cache_key' in locals():
            stale_cached = _pass_cache.get(cache_key)
            if stale_cached and stale_cached[0]:
                return jsonify({
                    'status': 'success',
                    'passes': stale_cached[0],
                    'cached': True,
                    'stale': True,
                })
        return api_error(f'Failed to calculate passes: {exc}', 500)


@satellite_bp.route('/position', methods=['POST'])
def get_satellite_position():
    """Get real-time positions of satellites."""
    try:
        from skyfield.api import EarthSatellite, wgs84
    except ImportError:
        return api_error('skyfield not installed', 503)

    data = request.json or {}

    # Validate inputs
    try:
        lat = validate_latitude(data.get('latitude', data.get('lat', 51.5074)))
        lon = validate_longitude(data.get('longitude', data.get('lon', -0.1278)))
    except ValueError as e:
        return api_error(str(e), 400)

    sat_input = data.get('satellites', [])
    include_track = bool(data.get('includeTrack', True))
    prefer_realtime_api = bool(data.get('preferRealtimeApi', False))

    observer = wgs84.latlon(lat, lon)
    ts = None
    now = None
    now_dt = None
    tracked_by_norad, tracked_by_name = _get_tracked_satellite_maps()

    positions = []

    for sat in sat_input:
        sat_name, norad_id, tle_data = _resolve_satellite_request(sat, tracked_by_norad, tracked_by_name)
        # Optional special handling for ISS. The dashboard does not enable this
        # because external API latency can make live updates stall.
        if prefer_realtime_api and (norad_id == 25544 or sat_name == 'ISS'):
            iss_data = _fetch_iss_realtime(lat, lon)
            if iss_data:
                # Add orbit track if requested (using TLE for track prediction)
                if include_track and 'ISS' in _tle_cache:
                    try:
                        if ts is None:
                            ts = _get_timescale()
                            now = ts.now()
                            now_dt = now.utc_datetime()
                        tle_data = _tle_cache['ISS']
                        satellite = EarthSatellite(tle_data[1], tle_data[2], tle_data[0], ts)
                        orbit_track = []
                        for minutes_offset in range(-45, 46, 1):
                            t_point = ts.utc(now_dt + timedelta(minutes=minutes_offset))
                            try:
                                geo = satellite.at(t_point)
                                sp = wgs84.subpoint(geo)
                                orbit_track.append({
                                    'lat': float(sp.latitude.degrees),
                                    'lon': float(sp.longitude.degrees),
                                    'past': minutes_offset < 0
                                })
                            except Exception:
                                continue
                        iss_data['track'] = orbit_track
                    except Exception:
                        pass
                positions.append(iss_data)
                continue

        # Other satellites - use TLE data
        if not tle_data:
            continue

        try:
            if ts is None:
                ts = _get_timescale()
                now = ts.now()
                now_dt = now.utc_datetime()
            satellite = EarthSatellite(tle_data[1], tle_data[2], tle_data[0], ts)

            geocentric = satellite.at(now)
            subpoint = wgs84.subpoint(geocentric)

            diff = satellite - observer
            topocentric = diff.at(now)
            alt, az, distance = topocentric.altaz()

            pos_data = {
                'satellite': sat_name,
                'norad_id': norad_id,
                'lat': float(subpoint.latitude.degrees),
                'lon': float(subpoint.longitude.degrees),
                'altitude': float(subpoint.elevation.km),
                'elevation': float(alt.degrees),
                'azimuth': float(az.degrees),
                'distance': float(distance.km),
                'visible': bool(alt.degrees > 0)
            }

            if include_track:
                orbit_track = []
                for minutes_offset in range(-45, 46, 1):
                    t_point = ts.utc(now_dt + timedelta(minutes=minutes_offset))
                    try:
                        geo = satellite.at(t_point)
                        sp = wgs84.subpoint(geo)
                        orbit_track.append({
                            'lat': float(sp.latitude.degrees),
                            'lon': float(sp.longitude.degrees),
                            'past': minutes_offset < 0
                        })
                    except Exception:
                        continue

                pos_data['track'] = orbit_track
                pos_data['groundTrack'] = orbit_track

            positions.append(pos_data)
        except Exception:
            continue

    return jsonify({
        'status': 'success',
        'positions': positions,
        'timestamp': datetime.utcnow().isoformat()
    })


@satellite_bp.route('/transmitters/<int:norad_id>')
def get_transmitters_endpoint(norad_id: int):
    """Return SatNOGS transmitter data for a satellite by NORAD ID."""
    from utils.satnogs import get_transmitters
    transmitters = get_transmitters(norad_id)
    return jsonify({'status': 'success', 'norad_id': norad_id, 'transmitters': transmitters})


@satellite_bp.route('/parse-packet', methods=['POST'])
def parse_packet():
    """Parse a raw satellite telemetry packet (base64-encoded)."""
    import base64
    from utils.satellite_telemetry import auto_parse
    data = request.json or {}
    try:
        raw_bytes = base64.b64decode(data.get('data', ''))
    except Exception:
        return api_error('Invalid base64 data', 400)
    result = auto_parse(raw_bytes)
    return jsonify({'status': 'success', 'parsed': result})


@satellite_bp.route('/stream_satellite')
def stream_satellite() -> Response:
    """SSE endpoint streaming live satellite positions from the background tracker."""
    import app as app_module

    response = Response(
        sse_stream_fanout(
            source_queue=app_module.satellite_queue,
            channel_key='satellite',
            timeout=1.0,
            keepalive_interval=30.0,
        ),
        mimetype='text/event-stream',
    )
    response.headers['Cache-Control'] = 'no-cache'
    response.headers['X-Accel-Buffering'] = 'no'
    response.headers['Connection'] = 'keep-alive'
    return response


def refresh_tle_data() -> list:
    """
    Refresh TLE data from CelesTrak.

    This can be called at startup or periodically to keep TLE data fresh.
    Returns list of satellite names that were updated.
    """
    global _tle_cache

    name_mappings = {
        'ISS (ZARYA)': 'ISS',
        'NOAA 15': 'NOAA-15',
        'NOAA 18': 'NOAA-18',
        'NOAA 19': 'NOAA-19',
        'NOAA 20 (JPSS-1)': 'NOAA-20',
        'NOAA 21 (JPSS-2)': 'NOAA-21',
        'METEOR-M 2': 'METEOR-M2',
        'METEOR-M2 3': 'METEOR-M2-3',
        'METEOR-M2 4': 'METEOR-M2-4'
    }

    updated = []

    for group in ['stations', 'weather', 'noaa']:
        url = f'https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP={group}&FORMAT=tle'
        try:
            with urllib.request.urlopen(url, timeout=15) as response:
                content = response.read().decode('utf-8')
                lines = content.strip().split('\n')

                i = 0
                while i + 2 < len(lines):
                    name = lines[i].strip()
                    line1 = lines[i + 1].strip()
                    line2 = lines[i + 2].strip()

                    if not (line1.startswith('1 ') and line2.startswith('2 ')):
                        i += 1
                        continue

                    internal_name = name_mappings.get(name, name)

                    if internal_name in _tle_cache:
                        _tle_cache[internal_name] = (name, line1, line2)
                        if internal_name not in updated:
                            updated.append(internal_name)

                    i += 3
        except Exception as e:
            logger.warning(f"Error fetching TLE group {group}: {e}")
            continue

    return updated


@satellite_bp.route('/update-tle', methods=['POST'])
def update_tle():
    """Update TLE data from CelesTrak (API endpoint)."""
    try:
        updated = refresh_tle_data()
        return jsonify({
            'status': 'success',
            'updated': updated
        })
    except Exception as e:
        logger.error(f"Error updating TLE data: {e}")
        return api_error('TLE update failed')


@satellite_bp.route('/celestrak/<category>')
def fetch_celestrak(category):
    """Fetch TLE data from CelesTrak for a category."""
    valid_categories = [
        'stations', 'weather', 'noaa', 'goes', 'resource', 'sarsat',
        'dmc', 'tdrss', 'argos', 'planet', 'spire', 'geo', 'intelsat',
        'ses', 'iridium', 'iridium-NEXT', 'starlink', 'oneweb',
        'amateur', 'cubesat', 'visual'
    ]

    if category not in valid_categories:
        return api_error(f'Invalid category. Valid: {valid_categories}')

    try:
        url = f'https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP={category}&FORMAT=tle'
        with urllib.request.urlopen(url, timeout=10) as response:
            content = response.read().decode('utf-8')

        satellites = []
        lines = content.strip().split('\n')

        i = 0
        while i + 2 < len(lines):
            name = lines[i].strip()
            line1 = lines[i + 1].strip()
            line2 = lines[i + 2].strip()

            if not (line1.startswith('1 ') and line2.startswith('2 ')):
                i += 1
                continue

            try:
                norad_id = int(line1[2:7])
                satellites.append({
                    'name': name,
                    'norad': norad_id,
                    'tle1': line1,
                    'tle2': line2
                })
            except (ValueError, IndexError):
                pass

            i += 3

        return jsonify({
            'status': 'success',
            'category': category,
            'satellites': satellites
        })

    except Exception as e:
        logger.error(f"Error fetching CelesTrak data: {e}")
        return api_error('Failed to fetch satellite data')


# =============================================================================
# Tracked Satellites CRUD
# =============================================================================

@satellite_bp.route('/tracked', methods=['GET'])
def list_tracked_satellites():
    """Return all tracked satellites from the database."""
    enabled_only = request.args.get('enabled', '').lower() == 'true'
    sats = get_tracked_satellites(enabled_only=enabled_only)
    return jsonify({'status': 'success', 'satellites': sats})


@satellite_bp.route('/tracked', methods=['POST'])
def add_tracked_satellites_endpoint():
    """Add one or more tracked satellites."""
    global _tle_cache
    data = request.get_json(silent=True)
    if not data:
        return api_error('No data provided', 400)

    # Accept a single satellite dict or a list
    sat_list = data if isinstance(data, list) else [data]

    normalized: list[dict] = []
    for sat in sat_list:
        norad_id = str(sat.get('norad_id', sat.get('norad', '')))
        name = sat.get('name', '')
        if not norad_id or not name:
            continue
        tle1 = sat.get('tle_line1', sat.get('tle1'))
        tle2 = sat.get('tle_line2', sat.get('tle2'))
        enabled = sat.get('enabled', True)

        normalized.append({
            'norad_id': norad_id,
            'name': name,
            'tle_line1': tle1,
            'tle_line2': tle2,
            'enabled': bool(enabled),
            'builtin': False,
        })

        # Also inject into TLE cache if we have TLE data
        if tle1 and tle2:
            cache_key = name.replace(' ', '-').upper()
            _tle_cache[cache_key] = (name, tle1, tle2)

    # Single inserts preserve previous behavior; list inserts use DB-level bulk path.
    if len(normalized) == 1:
        sat = normalized[0]
        added = 1 if add_tracked_satellite(
            sat['norad_id'],
            sat['name'],
            sat.get('tle_line1'),
            sat.get('tle_line2'),
            sat.get('enabled', True),
            sat.get('builtin', False),
        ) else 0
    else:
        added = bulk_add_tracked_satellites(normalized)

    response_payload = {
        'status': 'success',
        'added': added,
        'processed': len(normalized),
    }

    # Returning all tracked satellites for very large imports can stall the UI.
    include_satellites = request.args.get('include_satellites', '').lower() == 'true'
    if include_satellites or len(normalized) <= 32:
        response_payload['satellites'] = get_tracked_satellites()

    return jsonify(response_payload)


@satellite_bp.route('/tracked/<norad_id>', methods=['PUT'])
def update_tracked_satellite_endpoint(norad_id):
    """Update the enabled state of a tracked satellite."""
    data = request.json or {}
    enabled = data.get('enabled')
    if enabled is None:
        return api_error('Missing enabled field', 400)

    ok = update_tracked_satellite(str(norad_id), bool(enabled))
    if ok:
        return jsonify({'status': 'success'})
    return api_error('Satellite not found', 404)


@satellite_bp.route('/tracked/<norad_id>', methods=['DELETE'])
def delete_tracked_satellite_endpoint(norad_id):
    """Remove a tracked satellite by NORAD ID."""
    ok, msg = remove_tracked_satellite(str(norad_id))
    if ok:
        return jsonify({'status': 'success', 'message': msg})
    status_code = 403 if 'builtin' in msg.lower() else 404
    return api_error(msg, status_code)